Air energy facts always begin with the renewable nature of the wind as a power source. Wind energy is a separate one of the alternative renewable energy resources and that is currently being utilized by common people who lack in order to cut down on their energy cost along with reliance on organic remains of a previous time fuels. Wind also yet is used to some extent for pumping water.

Solar power systems for camping are limited in addition to portable, but can achieve enough energy to run a limited heater or light bulb. Solar acquired by a backpack while hiking can regenerate a cell phone, camera, or iPod. limited solar power units will control appliances originated for apply in a vehicle.

Before investing in Alternative Energy Stocks, Know the material. By investment in alternative energy development along with producing, Iowa may effect many great things. Anyone all things considered financing in alternative energy stocks needs prior to consult with a financial advisor.

Green renewable energy resources are an culminating key over non-renewable resources as they are frequently replenished. The authenticity that nearly entirety of these power sources bear down or yet have blank greenhouse gas discharge could only be viewed as a benefit. That seedling would swap 40 million bushels of wheat into 100 million gallons of ethanol each year.

Cleanse energy sources build in the renewable energies as well as thermonuclear energy. clean energy sources that finish in less carbon emissions, are fast emerging as the most lucrative sources of “carbon financing” in the nature. Based on an analysis by SADC, a total of 19,000 Megawatts (MW) worth of generation projects can be commissioned under the CDM in the territory.

Green electricity markets have been developed in recent years in several European countries including Switzerland, Germany, the Netherlands, in addition to the United Kingdom. In fact, there is scarcely any other choice at everybody when you call in that the alternative is in order to run out of fuel altogether plus end up living a far furthermore menial and an impoverished existence.

The purpose is prior to fund the development of long term sustainability investment at NSCC as well as the initial?installations of an Alternative Energy Demonstration Laboratory on the NSCC campus. Nearly 90 percent of the world’s energy comes from specimen fuels. This certificate program will supply students with an understanding of energy uses, the current as well as future alternative energy options, as well as the tools for evaluation.

automation cannot substitute for required organic resources such as food, forests, land, water, energy, and biodiversity. technology designed in Canada uses almost no outside power to achieve conversion of bio-solids as well as organic matter into clean green renewable energy. ITA has an aggressive green science promotion program with over 90 trade events planned general for this calendar year and 2010.

Alternative renewable energy is also a better option than fossil fuels because no green house gases are released during the energy producing process. What would it take for the planet prior to get away from organic remains of a previous time fuels in addition to turn over to renewable energy? It takes more than willingness to buy a Prius or prior to fix up solar panels on your covering. A lot of us are experimenting on alternative renewable energy sources which are sustainable over time.

John Malloy

Alternative renewable energy source is indeed a popular topic from all walks of life already. What would it take for the earth in order to get away from specimen fuels and swap over to renewable energy? It takes furthermore than willingness prior to buy a Prius or in order to fix up solar panels on your roof. I think the future are Alternative Renewable Energy Sources For Our Earth!

Mother Nature

The latest interior designing trends focus less on commercially produced décor and more on handcrafted pieces that exude the sight, smell and touch of nature. They are made from elements of the natural world like tree branches, bamboo, dried flowers, animal hides and the like. And although commercially-produced décor items are useful in interior design it is essential that the collections used are inspired by the colors of the Earth in shades of wood and greens to keep in tune with the natural items.

There are several ways to turn your home into a natural haven that will make your home worthy to such a precious guest as ‘Mother Nature’.

Keep it Simple
To truly showcase the splendor of nature’s beauty, the main staples of the home like furniture and window treatments should be in simple solid colors. The colors of the tiles and textiles used in the home should be Earth tones while the furniture should be all-natural solid wood. There is no room for dust-collecting knickknacks cluttering up the space. So, store them away or donate to charity. The simplicity of each room in your home is like a blank canvas. Adding naturally crafted art pieces that represent the vibrancy of nature’s rainbow will serve as the ‘paint’.

Natural Elements
Once your home’s canvas is ready, it’s time to add completely natural elements found right in nature. And you don’t have to break the bank to find beautiful works of nature to add to your home. All you really have to do is go for a walk in a naturally dense area like a forest or woodland area. You can find amazing branches, stones, flowers and leaves during your walk. The branches can be twisted together to make an amazing wreath. Flowers and leaves can be dried and then arrange on parchment paper with glue. Once framed, they will make an exquisite conversation piece to adorn your wall. And let’s not forget the stones. The possibilities are endless. They can be simply placed here and there around the room. Or they can be arranged in specific designs to adorn a single table.

Rustic Rules
The more rustic you are with the design elements of your home the better they will highlight the beauty of nature. Handcrafted furniture like log chairs or a quality bearskin rug will add just a touch of rural beauty. Southwestern décor is also a popular way to invite the past into your home and celebrate another culture. Incorporating items from Native American Indians, for example, can pull an entire room together. Natural hide drums used as wall hangings, tables or even several accompanied together in a corner can bring the pulse of Mother Nature right into your living space. Native Americans believe that the drum is sacred and its’ beat represents the actual heartbeat of nature. The knowledge of the drum maker is vital in the creation of durable handmade drums made from pinewood and animal hide, which will last a lifetime, to be passed on to future generations.

When turning your home into an all-natural haven remember to keep it simple. Don’t overcrowd your space with too many things but rather focus on a handful of quality-made items right from ‘Mother Nature’ herself to bring the outdoors right into your home!

by Sherry Quesnel

Manitoba Artisan, Keeper of the Drum

When making our lifestyle more environmentally friendly, a lot of attention is given to homes. Because people spend much of their time at work, greening an office is often just as important. Taking the time to save energy and use less resources at work will go a long way to protecting the environment.

Computer Energy Efficiency: Computers are a main fixture in every business and corporation. Business computers can waste more than one billion dollars worth of electricity a year. Cut down on energy use by turning off the computer at the end of business day. Throughout the work day, set your computer on sleep during short breaks and while you are at lunch. Employers should purchase energy-saving computers, monitors, and printers. Donate old computers to charity organizations. This will reduce the number of computers entering a landfill.

Air Quality: Make sure your ventilation system is working properly. This will result in less energy use and cleaner air.

Carpet and Paint: Purchase paint and carpet that do not contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which produce toxic chemicals

Lights: Turn off the lights when you leave a room. Buy energy star-rated light bulbs and fixtures. They use about two-thirds less energy than regular light bulbs. Install timers to shut off lights.

Paper: Try to reduce the amount of paper that you use. Whenever possible, post manuals and other policies online. Print on both sides of the paper and use the other side of old documents for faxes and scribble paper. When possible, print in black. Make it a policy to only purchase recycled paper. There are a variety of earth friendly paper products available which are made from either bamboo, hemp, organic, or cotton materials. Recycle ink cartridges and toner and only buy remanufactured products.

Recycle: Place recycling containers throughout the office. This will drastically cut down on the amount of paper and plastics going into landfills.

Use Green Products: There are a number of eco-friendly office products available. A few items include envelopes and papers, pens, toilet paper, paper towels, refillable pens and markers, biodegradable soaps, and biodegradable cleaners.

Reusable Kitchenware: Employers can make it a policy that only reusable dishes, silverware, and glasses are allowed. Switch to filtered water to reduce the use of bottled water.

Green Office Furniture: Purchase environmentally friendly desks, chairs, cabinets, and other furniture. Eco-friendly manufacturers are now providing a host of green office furniture. This type of furniture is made from sustainable harvested wood. For instance, furniture made from bamboo helps sustain forests because bamboo grows quickly. They are also made from recycled materials. There are industries that use recycled material in the manufacturing of steel, recycled soda bottles in chairs, as well as upholstery fabrics made from recycled soda bottles.

Traditional manufacturing processes create emissions of volatile organic compounds from glues, stains, and finishes. Eco-friendly manufacturing does not create toxic emissions. Refurbished furniture is becoming a very popular choice because they significantly reduce the amount of office furniture going into landfills Eco-friendly constructed office furniture are made with materials that do not give off toxins or strong odors. A few of these eco friendly materials include glues, paints, and foams.

We are now living in a time where both indoor and outdoor pollutants are affecting every part of our lives. Because we spend so much time at the office, toxins and chemicals in the air can greatly increase the risk of such health conditions as cancer, asthma, allergies, and respiratory illnesses. Chemicals may also end up in the environment where they contaminate groundwater and soil and harm plant and animal life. Greening the office is a great way to improve your health and protect the environment. Businesses will have happier and more productive employees.

Honolulu – Hawaii – This is the most searched for vacation. People like that Hawaii is a tropical island and the weather is always beautiful. If you happen to see bad weather, it passes as fast as it came.

Canary Islands – Gran Canaria – One of the top travel destinations around mainly because it’s beautiful there and the weather is always the way you want it to be. The temperature is constant all year round with sand so pure you won’t believe that it’s really sand.

Cancun – Mexico – Young and old want to visit Cancun. They offer tons of hotels and something for everyone. You can find parties of every flavor and quiet times on the beach. The weather here is normally warm just like many other tropical islands.

Las Vegas – Nevada – If the night life and gambling are your type of vacation, then Las Vegas is the spot. Known for their parties, gambling and many shows, you will find something that you love here.

Montego Bay – Jamaica – If you’re looking for a beautiful place to go, then Montego Bay is the spot for you. Different foods, people and scenery is what you will find here. Their sand is white, and their water is pure blue. Expand your taste buds, romance and much more while you visit this top travel destination.

Grand Bahama Island – The resorts here are beautiful, the water crystal clear and the sand sparkles between your toes. You can choose from many beaches here, for your day time fun. Try swimming in some of their underwater cave systems, truly a unique experience. The night life is like no other here.

Cayman Islands – If you’re looking for an upscale resort, this is the island for you. They have so many things for you to do and see here. Stay at a local bed and breakfast or a fancy hotel. Maybe you would like to go to a spa for the weekend or just hang out at the beach. The choice is yours.

Bermuda – This destination is close to the United States and is truly unique. This one island is actually made up from 180 smaller islands. Bridges get you from island to island. So if you tire of one, just head on over to the next one. Bermuda is on the top list because it’s so unique. The only place you will find the famous pink beaches.

Puerto Rico – Becoming more popular as the years go by, this island is made up of beaches and mountains. You will find a lot of wild animals and plenty of scenery here. Seasons are a lot alike no matter winter, summer or spring.

Bali – Indonesia – This Island is for the high class people. It’s rich in culture and looks. Black and white sand can be found here along the beautiful beaches making this island unforgettable. Temples that dot on the island are something you will notice along with the best tropical Hindu Cultures.

Wendy Pan is an accomplished niche website developer and author. To learn more about Top 10 travel destinations [http://luxurytravelstore.info/top-10-travel-destinations-travel-the-world-and-see-famous-places], please visit Luxury Travel Store [http://luxurytravelstore.info] for current articles and discussions.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Wendy_Pan

Today, a growing number of citizens are discovering the benefits of living off-grid, without any “modern” utilities, by using innovations in wind, solar, and other eco-friendly forms of energy! These people never have to worry about paying for a utility bill, drinking chemical-laden tap water, or the soaring gasoline prices! They have learned how to use age-old techniques and modern technologies to create a pleasant, comfortable lifestyle. Every modern comfort of life, such as air conditioning, lights, and transportation are still used on a daily basis.

Those who enjoy off-grid living today are never affected by high gas prices, because they produce their own fuel! They never worry about a malfunction at the local electric company, downed power lines, or a high electric bill that they simply cannot afford to pay. They have no concern for the cold of winter, for they remain warm and toasty in their homes with free energy!

Many individuals dream of living off-grid, but can’t afford to do so. In reality, setting up your home for off-grid living is much less expensive than paying monthly bills. Some individuals choose to transform their homes into totally self-sufficient dwellings as a gradual process, while others do all of the modifications all at once.

I built my own solar panels and a wind generator and saved well over $30,000. I get a cheque from the power company because I produce more energy than I use. If you’d like to learn how you can do the same check out Off Grid Living.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Andrew_Oke

Just imagine how much energy is dissipated when all of these institutions use electricity at the same time. Yes, it is the electric companies’ advantages as they acquire hundreds of dollars for providing electric gauges. However, most of the time, the fall back is on the consumers vis-à-vis the environment. Consumers pay high electric bills each month. Hence, nature pays for the adverse effects of electric generation, making Mother Earth suffer the cruel effects of global warming.

In this context, a number of alternative sources have been developed since then, if not to eliminate but at least to reduce earth’s global heating. One of which is the earth 4 energy website. This is a site which helps relieve and counteract the phenomenon by offering renewable solutions to make solar power usable by taking advantage of sunny days and likewise, to make a windmill and generate energy from the wind instead.

There are cheap, easy and quick guidelines at the earth for energy manuals located at the earth 4 energy site upon building ownable generators like windmills and solar panels. It is highly recommended to invest on such by using one’s own skills and creativity rather than having those built by service agents. You can make a windmill and make solar power by using only 200$ from your pockets, compared to spending a range of 1000-3000 $ when you hire professionals to build it for you. This may strip off all your savings, which is not very favorable. In fact, the earth for energy manual is designed for inexperienced users to build and develop a professional renewable system that harness natural energy. In just a matter of days you have a complete and fully functional windmill and solar generators that are sure to surprise your every inch of use.

Surprises often come in bundles. When your monthly electric bill statements arrive, about 80% of your previous consumption is slashed off. Eventually, you can put more savings and buy more important things in the future. Many have also testified to zero electric consumption. In fact, more energy is being produced than used from line sources especially during sunny and windy days. This is tantamount to paying almost nothing. In long run, you help preserve the environment from global warming. Instead of using the non-renewable resources that generate toxic greenhouse gases, you maximize renewable resources which help shape a better world, making it a better place to live in.

Ben Whitman is an environmentalist who STRONGLY recommends the Earth 4 Energy [http://www.e4ereview.com] guide if you want to totally eliminate your power bill, once and for all. Find out how to use solar and wind power to save thousands of dollars a year. Check it out now Click Here To Find Out More About The Earth 4 Energy Guide [http://www.e4ereview.com].

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Ben_Whitman

That question has since bothered me day and night because it is one I’ve often asked myself, although far later in life than my son did. In an attempt to shelter myself from uncertainty, I am guessing that I simply disposed of the question in the back of my head. The catch with that sort of thing is that eventually the question will return, more nagging and burning than ever.

Movies like The Matrix touch upon the subject and music often takes us to a place where we feel dreamy, but still it is difficult to ponder such a thought without becoming very troubled. They say that meditation will teach you that life is a dream of sorts, but one cannot really understand that statement until we reach the mountain top for ourselves. Yes, we all want to get to that mountain top, but what do we do until we get there?

The Riddle
I often imagine that I am living a dream and that this life I am living is simply an imagined construct based on a set of loosely held predispositions and beliefs. If my current dreams are any indication, were we to really be in a dream world, our imaginary world is most likely a gross misrepresentation of the real world we are missing. Laws that exist here probably do not exist in other worlds, at least not in their entirety.

So, an interesting question based on the dream world hypothesis would be, “is everyone else real?” If they are, then are we all dreaming? If they aren’t, then am I living a hallucination? For me, this is the hardest part about the dream world idea, because if the rest of life was not real, then my family, children, and friends would disappear when I woke. Now ask yourself this question: If we had positive evidence that life was a dream and no-one else was real, would you be willing to wake up knowing that you would sacrifice everything you had become and those you have/had loved? Would you even be given the choice? Maybe upon knowing we are dreaming we simply, wake up?

Click here to view the embedded video.

Bringing it Back Home
I know what you are thinking because I am thinking it too. Somehow while hearing this message from my source I’ve stumbled upon a truth of some sort. If meditation and Buddhism/Zen teach us that to climb that mountain we must give up every bit of baggage we carry, then in a way we really do have to give up our current “realities” in order to reach the higher ground. So is that what is stopping us from waking up? Do we purposely stay asleep so that we can continue to live and love our life on Earth? If we have to give up our realities to reach that summit, are we wrong in wanting to just admire the view from below?

I suppose this is where the cycle of death and rebirth nudge us in the direction we must go, but it sounds like a very difficult journey. I’ve dedicated myself to reaching that peak, but I hesitate to do so without my love.

So I ask you, is there a place for love at the top?

Maybe sanity is overrated…

Join me on my journey trying to live the path designed for me. Join me as I try to find enlightenment and unity. Join me as I live my Dharma.

http://www.livethedharma.com

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Nathan_Hangen

Let your sagacity be seen by all and sundry. Call-into-being, a city that is as peaceful as haven and as impressive as the Sagacity of Sage.

In my head, I clearly see you inscribing your name boldly on that beautiful glass of glory with that shinning golden pen of prestige, distinction and eminence!

My heart is full of Love and my mind is full of Faith — and all, just for you. I see you manifesting God’s purpose through your Life on planet earth — as you live ultimately in that divine phonesis and epignosis that is sophic and esoteric by all rule of thumb.

Congratulations! I wish you Joy. I wish you Peace. And I wish you well. I wish you the wisdom of knowing the importance of empowering people and impacting lives down pat. I have in mind to pat you on the back, ultimately.

For now, I admonish you to live with strength of character and of mind realization, and be part of the performing generation. Go ahead and write your victory song, and get others singing with joy! We all can sing, but not we all can write a victory song.

Remember that the authority, the audacity, the nobility, the probity and the reputability abaft and aft a name, does not just pin a moniker on it. No, it defines and distinguishes that Name for admiration, adulation, devotion, veneration, recognition and decoration.

Now is your time to pin a moniker to your Name. Now is your time to step-up and leave a lasting legacy. Now is your time to stand up, not just to be counted, but to make yourself count. You cannot afford to be a wasted generation. No, God forbid!

Click here to view the embedded video.

Finally, make your Life simple. Have no fears, whether of tomorrow or of death. But strive to know the truth about Life, and get to appreciate that death is just another phase of Life!

For me, I know my Life (and your Life) is a dream. And I look forward to waking-up one day, on the other side of the great divide, the great beyond, and looking back to say, “Wha-o! What a beautiful dream!”

© Jay Onwukwe

Copyright 2010 by Jay Onwukwe and Sam Chiyson.

Jay is the Author: The WEALTH SECRETS

His recent work: “The WEALTH SECRETS You Must Know Before40″, is a must-read for every Youth and everyone! And you’re just a click away from getting your own precious copy from Amazon.com. See link above.

Sam Chiyson is Author: Sagacity of Sage.

Please visit the WEALTH & WISDOM membership website: http://www.before40.comfor great motivational, inspirational, and spiritual eBooks and articles. Not to worry, most of it is FREE!

Stay Smart, Wealthy and Wise!

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Jay_Onwukwe

By Jay Onwukwe

A lot of things have changed throughout the last ten years, and so many new technologies have been appearing all around us. However there are things that haven’t changed much. There are still many strains, and damages afflicting our world. Most of the damages have been caused by pollutions, and garbage dumps, and what not. All this and more has been affecting the world so long that it’s caused nature to shift in awkward directions. Have you notice how the weather has not been the most of normal throughout the last decade? The damages that were done has caused an alarming strange, and even frightening change within our atmosphere. Now some would wonder ‘What is this have to do with me?’ It has a lot to do with you. It has to do with all of us. We need to take more care of our world. We need to save it.

We all need to take action, and get involved in cleaning up the mess in our Earth, and quickly too. It is bad enough that pollutions, and garbage is affecting the weather, water, and even animals too. If we don’t do something, then sadly things won’t get better, but the opposite. If we take the effort to clean our houses or our clothing, and cars, then why not help in taking care of our world? There are so many things we can do in helping with the restoration.

Recycling – Recycling is one of the more popular actions to take. It may not seem much, but it can greatly help in starting the healing process. By recycling we preserve our resources, lowering the use of having to take from nature to make everyday items. Isn’t that convenient?

Stop littering – We’ve all done it before. We toss our garbage on the ground, and go about our day. Sometimes we go to place them in disposable cans, but end up missing, landing on the ground. In the end we leave it and go about our day. There are days where we even drop our gum on the sidewalk. We’re guilty of this, and it needs to stop. Leaving one or two pieces of garbage may not seem so bad, but it can really be damaging. Trash could be carried by the wind into the woods, and into our water supply. The results could become toxic!

The two methods above are just a couple out of many we can do to heal the damages in our world. Other ways includes starting a community to help with the healing process, or simply encourage other people of the importance of taking care of the Earth. Now we may not be able to stop pollution completely, but through the positive actions we sow, we can reap healing all around the Earth.

How old is our earth? How old can the planets be? How old can the other galaxies in our universe be? How long ago did the dinosaurs walk the earth, or did they at all? We all have questions that we don’t understand, but hear about or see shows about on TV, so we listen to them and try to believe what they tell us because we certainly do not have the time, nor the expertise to chase down all of the answers for ourselves… or do we?

Now here is something to think about… IF there is a Master Designer out there, a God that was able to create all things, isn’t it just possible that He may have made things already matured, aged, or old? Isn’t it possible that He would also have the power to create things one way, then change how they work? Or maybe advance the timelines a bit by using certain physical and/or divine interventions? After all, according to Genesis, He created a man, then a woman… not a baby boy and a baby girl, right? And He made birds, not chicks; fish, not guppies; and trees, not planting seeds. It would only be logical to assume that with the maturity of all of these other things that He also made other geological formations in a mature state as well. Maybe it takes gazillions (my own word) of years for our world to make coal, or oil, or diamonds, etc., but if a Creator could breathe the stars into existence and form the world, separating land from water by speaking it into existence and order, then why would we question whether He could have or would have created the rest of the world into a mature livable state? Scientists, some with their limited man-made philosophies and theories, would have us believe that the world has been here for millions of years and that our universe is perhaps billions of years old. I have a few problems with that logic.

First, consider the damage that we have already done in the briefly documented history of mankind. We have used innumerable resources, depleting some to critical low levels or completely. We have damaged our ozone layer. We have done countless things to contaminate our water, our air, and our land. If our earth is millions of years old, I truly believe that we would have destroyed it by now ourselves, or at the very least made it uninhabitable. Now, yes, I believe that if God exists, and I firmly believe that He does, He could have enlightened us to new energy sources, etc. to keep us going, as He does always provide. So, that’s fine, assume I’m completely wrong here if you want.

Where is there any account of history that enables you to completely understand and account for the number of years the earth has been in existence? The ONLY place I know of is the Bible itself. If you don’t believe in the Bible as a divine writing or instruction from God, then consider this from a historical perspective, because the Bible has proven to be very accurate concerning historical evidences.

There are actually a couple of ways of determining the age of our earth by using historical means in the Bible, and both result in the same timeframe. One is through historical events, and the other is through the documented genealogy.

Using Historical Events

Beginning with 0 (zero) A.D., and counting back to the archeological landmark event of the fall of Jerusalem, which has now been corrected to 588 B.C., instead of 586-587 B.C., then counting backwards the number of years prophesied between this event and the division of Solomon’s kingdom (390 yrs. + 40 yrs., according to Ezekiel 4:4-7), would bring us to 1018 B.C. Going from the end of Solomon’s 40-year reign to the start of the Temple in the 4th year of his reign takes us back another 37 years to 1055 B.C. Then, from the start of Solomon’s Temple “in the 480th year”, according to 1 Kings 6:1, back to the Exodus from Egypt (hence 479 years previous) brings us to about 1534 B.C. The Exodus out of Egypt to Abraham’s entering Canaan from Haran was exactly 430 years to the day, as we can gather from Genesis 12:10, Exodus 12:40, & Galatians 3:17, thus bringing us to around 1964 B.C. Since Abraham entered Canaan at age 75, according to Genesis 12:4, he was born approximately 2039 B.C. From Abraham’s birth to Noah’s grandson (Shem’s son), Arpachshad’s birth, 2 years after the Flood started, was 290 years, as we read in Genesis 11:11-26. This places the onset of the Flood at around 2331 B.C. Definitely in the range of 4,300-4,400 years ago. The genealogy of Genesis 5:3-32 precludes any gaps due to its tightly structured chronology, thus giving us 1,656 years between Creation and the Flood, and bringing Creation Week back to near 3987 B.C., or approximately 4000 B.C.

Therefore, the biblical age of the Earth (using Scripture itself as a guide) is only about 6,000 years old!! According to this historically documented account, mankind did not evolve 4 million years ago on an Earth which is 4.5 billion years old in a universe which was “big-banged” into existence 18-20 billion years ago in the distant past. Jesus Christ, the Creator Incarnate, said He made mankind male and female in the beginning, in Mark 10:6, and that when the heavens and the earth were commanded into being, as read in Genesis 1:1, they “stood up together” (Isaiah 48:13) not billions of years apart !!

Using Genealogy

While we will discuss the genealogical method at length here, we will not delve into the individual “begets” that are listed in the Biblical Scriptures, but rather on the subject more from a whole context and deeper logical level. As every student of the Sacred Scriptures is aware, the Bible contains lengthy genealogies. These records play a vital role in biblical literature, which is clear from the amount of space devoted to them in God’s Word. Furthermore, they also provide a tremendous protection of the text via the message they tell. That message is this: man has been on the Earth since the beginning, and that beginning was not very long ago. While genealogies and chronologies serve various functions in the literature of Scripture, one of their main purposes is to show the historical connection of great men to the unfolding of Jehovah’s redemptive plan. These lists, therefore, form a connecting link from the earliest days of humanity to the completion of God’s salvation system. In order for them to have any evidential value, the lists must be substantially complete. An article on the subject from Apologetics Press continued with the following: Yet some Bible believers-determined to incorporate evolutionary dating schemes into God’s Word-have complained that the biblical genealogies may not be used for chronological purposes because they allegedly contain huge “gaps” that render them ineffective for that purpose.

Donald England has suggested, for example: “Furthermore, it is a misuse of Biblical genealogies to attempt to date the origin of man by genealogy” (1983). John Clayton advocated the same view when he wrote: “Any attempt to ascribe a specific or even a general age to either man or the Earth from a Biblical standpoint is a grievous error”. Clayton also stated: “The time of man’s beginning is not even hinted at in the Bible. There is no possible way of determining when Adam was created”. In so commenting, most writers reference (as does Clayton) the nineteenth-century author, William H. Green (1890), whose writings on the genealogies usually are accepted uncritically-and acclaimed unjustifiably-by those whose intent is to insert “gaps” (of whatever size) into the biblical genealogies. Thus, we are asked to believe that the biblical genealogies are relatively useless in matters of chronology. However, these same writers conspicuously avoid any examination of more recent material which has shown that certain portions of Green’s work either were incomplete or inaccurate. And while references to the genealogies of Genesis 5 and 11 are commonplace, discussions of material from chapter 3 of Luke’s Gospel appear to be quite rare.

Two important points bear mentioning in regard to genealogical listings. First, to use the words of Custance: “We are told again and again that some of these genealogies contain gaps: but what is never pointed out by those who lay the emphasis on these gaps, is that they only know of the existence of these gaps because the Bible elsewhere fills them in. How otherwise could one know of them? But if they are filled in, they are not gaps at all! Thus, in the final analysis the argument is completely without foundation.” If anyone wanted to find gaps in the biblical genealogies, it was Dr. Custance, who spent his entire adult life searching for a way to accommodate the Bible to an old-Earth scenario. Yet even he admitted that arguments alleging that the genealogies contain sizable gaps are unfounded. Second, even if there were gaps in the genealogies, there would not necessarily be gaps in the chronologies therein recorded. The question of chronology is not the same as that of genealogy. This is a critical point that has been overlooked by those who suggest that the genealogies are useless in matters of chronology.

The “more recent work” alluded to above as documenting the accuracy of the genealogies is from James B. Jordan, who reviewed Green’s work and showed a number of his arguments to be untrustworthy. To quote Jordan: “Gaps in genealogies, however, do not prove gaps in chronologies. The known gaps all occur in non-chronological genealogies. Moreover, even if there were gaps in the genealogies of Genesis 5 and 11, this would not affect the chronological information therein recorded, for even if Enosh were the great-grandson of Seth, it would still be the case that Seth was 105 years old when Enosh was born, according to a simple reading of the text. Thus, genealogy and chronology are distinct problems with distinct characteristics. They ought not to be confused.” Unfortunately, many who attempt to defend the concept of an ancient Earth have confused these two issues. For example, some have suggested that abridgment of the genealogies has occurred and that these genealogies therefore cannot be chronologies, when, in fact, exactly the opposite is true, as Jordan’s work has documented. Matthew, for example, is at liberty to arrange his genealogy of Christ in three groups of 14 (making some omissions) because his record is derived from more complete lists available via the Old Covenant. In the genealogies of Genesis 5 and 11, remember also that the inclusion of the father’s age at the time of his son’s birth is wholly without meaning unless chronology is intended. Else why would the Holy Spirit provide such “irrelevant” information? Plus, there are other important considerations.

Observe the following in chart form. Speaking in round figures, from the present to Jesus was roughly 2,000 years-a figure obtainable via secular, historical documents. From Jesus to Abraham also was approximately 2,000 years-another figure that is verifiable historically.

Present to Jesus 2,000 years
Jesus to Abraham 2,000 years
Abraham to Adam ? years

The only figure missing is the one that represents the time period from Abraham to Adam. Since we know that Adam was the first man (1 Corinthians 15:45), and since we know as a result of Christ’s testimony that man has been on the Earth “from the beginning of the creation” (Mark 10:6; cf. Romans 1:20-21), if it were possible to obtain the figures for the length of time between Abraham and Adam we then would have chronological information providing the relative age of the Earth (since we also know that the Earth is only five days older than man-Genesis 1; Exodus 20:11; 31:17). The figure representing the time span between Abraham and Adam, of course, is not obtainable from secular history (nor should we expect it to be) since large portions of those records were destroyed in the Great Flood (which interestingly enough is commonly believed to have happened, even by those ‘non-believers’). But the figure is obtainable-via the biblical record. Allow me to explain.

First, few today would doubt the fact that from the present to Jesus has been approximately 2,000 years. [For our purpose here, it does not matter whether Christ is viewed as the Son of God since the discussion centers solely on the fact of His existence-something that secular history documents beyond doubt.] Second, in Luke 3 the learned physician provided a genealogy that encompassed 55 generations spanning the distance between Jesus and Abraham-a time frame that archaeology has shown covered roughly 2,000 years (see Kitchen and Douglas, 1982, p. 189). Third, Luke documents that between Abraham and Adam there were only twenty generations. Thus, the chart now looks like this:

Present to Jesus 2,000 years
Jesus to Abraham 2,000 years (55 generations)
Abraham to Adam ? years (20 generations)

Since Genesis 5 provides the ages of the fathers at the time of the births of the sons between Abraham and Adam (thus providing chronological data), it becomes a simple matter to determine the approximate number of years involved. In round numbers, that figure is about 2,000 (see Arthur, 1999, p. 113). The chart then appears as follows:

Present to Jesus 2,000 years
Jesus to Abraham 2,000 years (55 generations)
Abraham to Adam 2,000 years (20 generations)

[The fact that 55 generations between Jesus and Abraham cover 2,000 years, while only 20 generations between Abraham and Adam cover the same 2,000 years, can be accounted for, of course, on the basis of the vast ages to which the patriarchs lived (see Thompson, 1995, pp. 265-275).]

Some have argued that there are sizable gaps in the genealogies (e.g., Clayton, 1980). But, where, exactly, should those gaps be placed, and how would they help? Observe the following. No one can place gaps between the present and the Lord’s birth because secular history accurately records that age-information. No one can insert gaps between the Lord’s birth and Abraham because secular history also accurately records that age-information. The only place one could put any “usable” gaps ( usable in regard to extending the age of the Earth) would be in the 20 generations between Abraham and Adam. Yet notice that there are not actually 20 generations available for the insertion of gaps because Jude specifically stated that “Enoch was the seventh from Adam” (Jude 14). An examination of the Old Testament genealogies establishes the veracity of Jude’s statement since, counting from Adam, Enoch was the seventh. Jude’s statement thus provides divinely inspired testimony regarding the accuracy of the first seven names in Luke’s genealogy-thereby leaving only 13 generations between which any gaps could be placed. In a fascinating article several years ago, Wayne Jackson observed that in order to accommodate the biblical record only as far back as the appearance of man’s alleged evolutionary forebear (approximately 3.6 million years), one would have to insert 291,125 years in between each of the remaining 13 generations from Abraham to Adam as provided in Luke’s genealogy (1978).

It does not take an overdose of either biblical knowledge or common sense to see that this quickly becomes ludicrous in the extreme for two reasons. First, who could believe that the first seven of these generations are so exact while the last thirteen are so inexact? Is it proper biblical exegesis to suggest that the first seven listings are correct as written, but gaps covering more than a quarter of a million years may be inserted between each of the last thirteen? Second, what good would all of this do anyone? All it would accomplish is the establishment of a 3.6 million year-old Earth; yet old-Earth creationists, progressive creationists, and theistic evolutionists need a 4.6 billion year-old Earth. So, in effect, all of this insertion of “gaps” into the biblical text is much ado about nothing.

And therein lies the point. While it may be true on the one hand to say that an exact age of the Earth is unobtainable from the information contained within the genealogies, at the same time it is important to note that-using the best information available to us from Scripture-the genealogies hardly can be extended to anything much beyond 6,000 to 7,000 years. For someone to suggest that the genealogies do not contain legitimate chronological information, or that the genealogies somehow are so full of gaps as to render them useless, is to misrepresent the case and distort the facts; facts that are based largely on secular historical confirmation. So, how old is our earth and universe? Even from a secular perspective, I would have to arrive closer to a 6,000 – 7,000 timeframe. So then, how do we explain the geological findings of multi-layered sediments and other factors that we believe date back millions of years?

Catastrophic geology can explain many of these questions. The occurrence of the “Great Flood” is one example. Catastrophic events still happen; volcanoes erupting, earthquakes, floods, and other natural disasters. In all of these events, past and present, geological changes occur rapidly, unpredictably, and non-uniformly. Changes that may have taken hundreds or thousands of years, or may have never taken place, often occur in a matter of days, weeks, or months. How, therefore, can we accept the uniformitarian geological approach that certain earth-shaping and aging affects must occur over predetermined time periods when we factually know from present day experiences that this assumption is completely false? Uniform change would assume from the onset that no sudden or catastrophic events occur in order to “date” rock or strata formations. Even with the realization by some in the scientific community that some catastrophic events have occurred and some are recognized by scientists in geological dating of specific formations, we cannot be assured by any scientific methods that all events are noticed, recognized, or accurately interpreted. Nor can we assume that margins of error are small, since there is no documented evidence to support our man-made assumptions of geological dating. So, to close on this point, there is far more logical and documented evidence available to us that the earth is only about 6,000 years old. Using that same logic and the statements made in the Bible, we can also find evidence that our entire universe “stood up together” at one time, already matured and ordered, just like man, woman, the birds, the fish, the plants, and the animals.

If you are still having a hard time conceptualizing or believing this logic, then also consider the “Great Flood” as another supporting factor. Since secular historians also have evidence of and believe that the “Great Flood” occurred, perhaps this will have more resonance for you. If the “Great Flood” happened, as we have evidence of, biblically and secularly, and all life on earth was at one time destroyed by this flood, how then do we account for all life now? The “Great Flood” only occurred a few thousand years ago, which does not leave enough time for the millions of years necessary for regeneration of complex life forms according to evolutionistic theory, such as humans, animals, etc. Therefore, we are led to believe that Noah’s story of building an ark and carrying two of every kind of animal must be correct because we do exist today, as well as the animals, birds, etc. Just a thought to consider in this closing.